Which material is commonly used for gears in mechanical systems?

Steel is commonly used for gears in mechanical systems due to its high strength and durability. This material can withstand significant wear and tear as well as heavy loads, making it ideal for components that are involved in transmitting power and motion. The hardness of steel allows for precision in gear manufacturing, ensuring that the teeth mesh well and operate smoothly, which minimizes slippage and increases efficiency.

Moreover, steel gears can be heat-treated to enhance their mechanical properties, leading to improved resistance to deformation and fatigue under cyclic loading conditions. This strength also means they can operate effectively at high speeds, making them suitable for a wide range of applications in various machinery and vehicles.

While aluminum, plastic, and copper have their uses in certain contexts, they do not offer the same level of performance for gear applications. Aluminum can be too soft and may wear out quickly under heavy loads. Plastic, though lightweight and resistant to corrosion, may not withstand high stress or heat generated during the operation. Copper is generally used in electrical applications rather than mechanical stresses due to its lower strength compared to steel.